Caustic soda, also known as sodium hydroxide, lye, or NaOH, is a white, highly alkaline solid widely used in soap manufacturing, chemical processing, water treatment, and laboratory applications. This strong base readily dissolves in water to form a highly caustic solution. In chemical compatibility evaluations, sodium hydroxide exposure must be carefully reviewed for rubber O-rings and gaskets, as concentrated alkaline solutions can cause swelling, hardening, or degradation in certain rubber materials. Because caustic soda is highly corrosive and can cause severe burns and respiratory irritation, proper storage, ventilation, PPE, and material selection are critical to ensure safe operation and reliable performance of O-rings, rubber seals, and gaskets.

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